Religion And The Ancient Egypt Empire - 1191 Words

The Ancient Egypt Empire held a very fascinating, distinctive culture. Being one of the world s most advanced cultures and creating tons of wealth is what separated them from everybody else. Between the outstanding artwork, teaching methods, and amazing pyramids is what helped this society advance together. No other civilization of the ancient world history has such a popular appeal and none as important as human society and its organization. Fortunately, these Egyptians have made great steps in best keeping which have made studying their culture and society easier than some previous historical eras. Ancient Egyptians were a group of folk who were heavily influenced by religions such as polytheistic beliefs and different rituals focused on the Egyptian society. Also, Egyptians were separated due to genders, developed a strong order, and had very advanced technology/economic field. Religion played a major role on the contributions of religion. Religion was taking so serious that it guided the Egyptian life. Egyptians established a point in their civilization when they focused on peacefulness and richness. The pharaoh was expected to guard the land, be responsible/accountable for declaring laws and many of the pharaohs laws were delegated to a bureaucracy. Within this bureaucracy, it was mainly handled by men, and their level of success was restrained by the degree to which a person promoted order and prosperity within their stewardship Ancient Egypt was structured like aShow MoreRelatedComparing The Egyptians And The Mesopotamians Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthey both relied on agriculture and had many rulers as time went on. We start at Egypt In 3100 B.C and Mesopotamians at 5000 B.C (1). The Nile river was a key place for the start of the Ancient Egyptian empire. Egyptians themselves were located near lower Egypt closeby the Nile Delta. They then slowly moved up around upper egypt. With clear fertile and rich soil, agriculture was most efficient and made the Ancient Egyptians very rich. Mesopotamians also had their own rivers known as the Tigris andRead MoreAncient Egypt : A Dominant Empire1407 Words   |  6 Pages1 Running Head: ANCIENT EGYPT Ancient Egypt: A Dominant Empire Zack Horton Lincoln Charter School October 11th, 2015 Mr. Thomas Honors World History Ancient Egypt’s empire was one of the most dominant of the ancient world. Egypt had several periods of great success followed by a change in Egypt’s power. Along with Ancient Egypt’s culture, they also had an amazingly strong religious system and beliefs. The Egyptian Empire was constantly making advancements and mastering different fieldsRead MoreCharacteristics Of Ancient Egypt1172 Words   |  5 PagesEgypt Essay Payton Manoogian Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an organized civilization because of the important civilization indicators they had- the seven indicators. Government is a part of the seven indicators. Government helped Ancient Egypt be well organized. The government had government officials and workers that worked there. Some jobs of the government were, the pharaoh, the vizier, nomarks, army commander, chief treasurer, and the minister of public buildings. The most importantRead MoreCompare and Contrast Ancient India and Egypt Combined Politics and Religion628 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast ancient India and Egypt combined politics and religion Through history, religion has shaped civilizations in several aspects. In ancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations it was very strong shaping force in political structures, but both the religious beliefs and the resulting political system were different, just like pharaohs were different from rajas. The way Egyptians and Indians blended religion with politics bears certain similarities. First of all, the central role ofRead MoreThe Early History Of The Western Civilization1344 Words   |  6 Pages5,000 years since the appearance of the first civilizations in the ancient Near East (Instructor, 2016). This history is highlighted by the rise of many different kingdoms and empires each with contributions to modern western cultures. The following essay will describe the Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Egyptians. Ancient Greece (800 B.C. and 500 B.C.) a moderately complex period in the world history. Even though ancient Greece had the most advanced technology, art, and poetry but wellRead MoreAncient Egyptian Slavery745 Words   |  3 Pages Ancient Cultures Ancient Egyptian Slavery In ancient Egypt a slave was defined as person kept in servitude as property of a person or household. In Egyptian society you would keep your civil rights even though you were a slave. In Egypt it was the master’s duties to take care of the slaves and treat them right. Because it was part of the master’s duties at times slaves would have a higher status and better living than free people. In ancient Egypt there were different types of slaves and differentRead MoreAchievements Of Ancient Egypt957 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt: New Kingdom The Egyptian civilization emerged along the Nile River in northern Africa. The ancient Egyptians owed much of their prosperity to this location. Behind the power of the Egyptian empire lay a vast wealth of natural resources. The Nile River provided huge expanses of fertile farming ground that kept Egypt self-sufficient and usually there was abundance of food. MAPS The New Kingdom Egypt is considered the third great era of the Egyptian culture. The two achievements duringRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities984 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 1 In what ways were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt alike? In what ways were they different? What accounts for these similarities and differences? Mesopotamia and Egypt were the first known civilizations in history. While maintaining separate identities, they still managed to have a vast number of similarities. Differences that go beyond general location were also very prevalent between the two civilizations. One of the biggest similarities between the two civilizations isRead MoreEssay on The Comparative Strength Of Rome1038 Words   |  5 PagesRome, considered by most the greatest empire of the ancient world, stretched from modern day England to Palestine and was more successful than all previous Empires. Romes government, military, economic and civic structures were all superior to those of their predecessors. The Sumerians were the first people to build civilization and attempt empire in the western world. Like Rome, they had a governmental structure,Read MoreSumerian vs. Egyptian Civilizations: Political Structure Religion Society and Culture820 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations in terms of political structure, religion, society, and culture. Account for the similarities and differences between them. Despite the fact that ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations grew up rather close together, both civilizations evolved in vastly different ways. The influence of geography cannot be underestimated. Although both civilizations were located in what is now the Middle East, ancient Sumerians lived in a constant state

Fairness and Purity Why American Baseball Players Should...

Fairness and Purity: Why American Baseball Players Should Know Better Max P. Farhi Keuka College February 2013 Fairness and Purity: Why American Baseball Players Should Know Better Reading the recent articles â€Å"We, the Public, Place the Best Athletes on Pedestals† by William Moller, and â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING† by Joe Posnanski, I found occasion to consider the use of steroids in baseball for the first time. In these essays, Moller and Posnanski tapped into the running commentary about performance-enhancing substances and their relative acceptability in the baseball arena (no pun intended). â€Å"We, the Public, Place the Best Athletes on Pedestals† proclaimed that â€Å"the entire steroid outcry is pure hypocrisy† (Moller, 2009, p.548),†¦show more content†¦What it really comes down to is that the reason Alex [Rodriquez] did steroids is you and me. We, the public, put the best athletes on pedestals, gods on high. And Alex is a prime candidate for such treatment. He’s an archetype, carrying the look of someone who will one day be cast in bronze . . . And at the deepest level Alex Rodriguez wants, craves, fame . . . Really, it was no question whether Alex would take steroids once they were offered. They promised wealth and fame above his wildest dreams (Moller, 2009, p.547 amp; 548). Moller was quick to relieve steroid users of responsibility, and quick also to relieve himself from the same as he revealed his use of Ritalin during his early years at a competitive boarding school. Yet his thesis, and the title of his article, both arouse an important point about how divisive public pressure and values can be; public opinion can move someone to risk their own health, well-being, and ironically, their reputation for the sake of accomplishment, or (and here is the take-home) it can inspire a person to push the limits of their own natural ability, and achieve excellence through virtuous and traditional hard work and purity. Taken in context, I can understand why despite Moller’s social pressure, someone might think that using steroids is wrong. Without prescription, steroids are illegal drugs; with or without prescription, their use presents serious health risks

Consumer Behavior in Restaurant Sales-Free-Samples for Students

Question: How Consumers behavior help to increase Sale or decrease Sale for restaurant. Answer: Introduction The following research will be based on the role of customers on the increase and decrease of sales in a restaurant. The researcher has chosen the topic as part of his project to highlight the importance of customer behavior and customer satisfaction in the modern marketing world. Operating a restaurant is one of the most challenging jobs in the modern business world. A shift in the consumer patterns have led to an increase in the number of people that are coming to restaurants. The number of restaurants has been on a rise since the last 20 years which have made it easier for the people to have more and more options to eat. People are now more sensible to health and nutrition and thus they are selective when choosing restaurants. The changing demands of customers are making life hard for the owners as they have to maintain all the parameters to attract more customers and maintain their supremacy in the market. The fact that restaurants totally depends on customers makes it hard for t hem as absence of customers will lead to permanent shutdown. Research Problem The contemporary changes that have been changing the outlook of the modern day eateries provide strong evidence on the ability of the hotels to react according to the demands of the customers (Jin 2015). As mentioned earlier customer forms the backbone of the restaurants and thus they need to satisfy them to earn quality profits from the business. However presence of a number of different problems has crippled the growth of many restaurants. Some problems include inability to meet the demands of the customers, financial problems, improving the customer relationship management processes, Pest problems, Hygienic problems and many more as such. The restaurants generally concentrate more on improving the quality of the food that they serve to the customers. This removes their concentration from other elements like maintaining the hygienic conditions of the house and cleaning the eatery regularly (Ivanov 2014). Modern customers generally turn away from such restaurants who fail to address such concerns. Focus of the Study Research Purpose The main aim of the research is to analyze the role of customers in the increase or decrease of the sales of the restaurant. The customers are believed to be the main focus for a restaurant. The research will be exploring all the possibilities and options to study the role that customers play in the growth of a restaurant (Swimberghe and Wooldridge 2014). The researcher will be providing a clear picture that will highlight the importance of conducting such a research. Research Questions The researcher has created a set of questions which will be presented before a group of participants from various restaurants. The question prepared by the researcher has tried to cover all the necessary details that help to come to a conclusion regarding the following research. The questions prepared by the researcher are; What is the role of Customers in a restaurant? How Customer Behavior affects the sales of the restaurant? What are the negative effects of Consumer behavior over restaurants? What are the main ways by which restaurants can influence customer Behaviors and can increase their sales in the process? Literature Review The research is based on the role that customers play on the increase or decrease of sales of the eatery houses. Every owner of the restaurants loves to have a set group of customers who become common and familiar faces of the restaurant (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). Taking care of such customers creates a ripple effect as those customers can bring in new customers by mentioning about the name of the restaurant to others. Thus the dedicated repeat customers are the most powerful assets of the organization. The customers can also be provided with discount coupons and some other benefits so that they can be frequent visitors to the restaurant. Therefore this highlights the importance of a customer to the organization. The more satisfied is the customer, the more is the profit of the organization (Tsai and Chintagunta 2015). Research Methodology The researcher has followed a traditional method to complete the following research that will find out the role of customers in the increase or decrease of the revenue of restaurants (Tsai and Chintagunta 2015). At the beginning he will be providing a literature review on the following subject after which he will be providing information regarding the report from his collection from primary as well as secondary sources. Sampling Though the research is based on all the restaurants globally, it is not possible for the researcher alone to travel to every parts of the world and carry out his research and survey works. Therefore the researcher has focused on collecting the research information by limiting the sample size according to the demography. A small representative sample will make it easier to serve the purpose of the research. Size of the Sample The researcher has selected a sample size of 25 individuals among which 10 is from managers level while the rest 15 will be from the employees. The size of the sample and the people selected as the sample are chosen carefully after receiving all the information of these people. Method of Sampling The researcher in this following project has used the random method of sampling to complete all his research. Research Instrument Questionnaires are a set of different questions that are presented to the participants of the interview in a written, printed or in the form of answering them online. The questions are all multiple choice questions with five different selections as the answers (Boons and Ldeke 2013). The questionnaires are prepared by the researcher is based on different questions related to the subject. The list of questionnaires prepared by the researcher is listed in the appendix below. Collection of Information Collecting necessary information that is genuine and authentic helps to make the research compact and flawless (Rhou et al. 2016). The collection of data is believed to be the most crucial part of the total research and thus the researcher has to be careful and alert to assemble all the genuine sources of data that helps to make the research meaningful. The information is divided into two types namely primary and secondary information. Primary Information- Primary information is referred to as the set of the information that is collected at the beginning of the research. It is the firsthand evidence collected by the researcher about the research topic on restaurants increase or decrease in sales due to consumer behavior (Line et al. 2016). The researcher has also used some published materials in his research to gather more and more resources. Primary sources generally include; Autobiographies Personal letters Internet communications, blogs Photographs, Drawings Public Opinions Questionnaires Interviews The researcher in this research has however taken the help of interviews and questionnaires as the primary sources of information. Secondary Information- Secondary sources of information can be defined as the set of information that defines, analyzes and evaluates the primary sources of information. The secondary sources are much more reliable than the primary sources of information and help to formulate the best possible research results (Lu et al. 2013). The collection of secondary information will cost much less to the researcher as he can take the help of other non expensive sources that can help in the formation of the research. The secondary source of information is collected in a much lesser time by the researcher as he can easily collect some magazines and books that deals with restaurants. He can get such books from different restaurants and food magazines. This helps the researcher to get hold of the real time data which is much more accurate than the primary source of information (Line et al. 2016). The information has been obtained after consulting with a large scale sample size from a large number o f restaurants which is obviously much larger than the smaller sample size that the researcher will use as his primary resource. The following information is also influential in formulating the research hypothesis. Some of the secondary sources used by the researcher are; Restaurant magazines Food Journals Government records Popular surveys on Customer behavior towards restaurant Both primary and secondary sources of information are useful for the conduction of the research. Absence of any of the two compromises with the quality of the research (Lu et al. 2013) Ethical Considerations Ethical Considerations is one of the main elements of a research. Existence of ethics while conducting the research is critical to the success of the research (Babin and Zikmund 2015). Conducting the research without considering ethics spells doom for the research or the dissertation. Some ethical considerations that are undertaken by the researcher are as follows; The researcher must not harm the research participants in any way while conducting the research. The researcher must maintain the dignity of the research participants and should consider it as one of the topmost priorities. The researcher should not disclose the identity of the researcher in any circumstance and must keep it confidential. The researcher should also not disclose the responses of any participants to others and must not disclose their identity to others. While conducting the research the researcher should prepare a proper schedule for the interviews. Before the start of the research the researcher must obtain the permission of the researcher. The researcher must obtain the permission of the authorities of the restaurants before conducting the research. The researcher must display the original facts and responses in his project and should not publish any false statements. The researcher must maintain honesty during the conduction of the research. The research must take place within a proper communication channel to ensure the research is flawless and free of glitches. Gantt chart/Timeline Conclusion The research on the role of customer is one of the main topics that has been not studied for many years. The choice of such an excellent topic as the research will add extra dimensions to some other similar studies on this very subject. Therefore it can be concluded that the researcher have proposed to conduct the research according to some basic rules and regulations. References Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.9-19. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ivanov, S.H., 2014. Hotel revenue management: From theory to practice.Browser Download This Paper. Jin, N., 2015. Moderating Role of Relationship Quality on the Link between Restaurant Experiences and Customer Loyalty for the Market of Mature Customers.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism,16(3), pp.259-282. Line, N.D., Hanks, L. and Kim, W.G., 2016. Hedonic adaptation and satiation: Understanding switching behavior in the restaurant industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,52, pp.143-153. Lu, X., Ba, S., Huang, L. and Feng, Y., 2013. Promotional marketing or word-of-mouth? Evidence from online restaurant reviews.Information Systems Research,24(3), pp.596-612. Rhou, Y., Singal, M. and Koh, Y., 2016. CSR and financial performance: The role of CSR awareness in the restaurant industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,57, pp.30-39. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Swimberghe, K.R. and Wooldridge, B.R., 2014. Drivers of customer relationships in quick-service restaurants: The role of corporate social responsibility.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(4), pp.354-364. Tsai, Y.L. and Chintagunta, P., 2015, December. Whats in a brand name? Assessing the impact of rebranding in the hospitality industry. American Marketing Association. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Two-Factor Authentication Essay Essay Example

Two-Factor Authentication Essay Essay Harmonizing to the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. verifying someone’s individuality online involves at least one of a few factors. These factors are the undermentioned: Information the PersonKnows This could be a username and password combination. societal security figure. a PIN they chose. or something else that the individual could cognize but others wouldn’t. Something the individual is able to PhysicallyPosses A good of this is the person’s ATM card. A more unafraid physical factor could be a usage brassy device with a key on it. The concluding factor that can be used is something alone to that individual merely. aBiometric Fingerprints and Rental Scans are illustrations of this. We will write a custom essay sample on Two-Factor Authentication Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two-Factor Authentication Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two-Factor Authentication Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The difference between individual and multi-factor hallmark is that individual factor would merely utilize one of these. like a username/password combination. which could be easy stolen through a assortment of methods both local and remote to that person’s physical location ( keygrabbers. web whiffing. Trojans. observation. beastly force onslaughts. or merely loose lips ) . Multi-factor hallmark requires at least one other input. Therefore an illustration of two-factor hallmark would be holding to come in your username and a watchwordand besidesyour ATM card figure and security codification from the dorsum. or a fingerprint scanandcome ining your ATM card figure. or even all three for three factor hallmark. The FDIC feels that fiscal establishments should be utilizing two-factor hallmark. There have been a figure of recommendations made to the fiscal establishment industry. and most big Bankss and investing houses are now utilizing two-factor. The bank should decidedly be utilizing multi-factor hallmark. Two-factor hallmark will non merely protect their clients. but it will assist protect them against liability in the event that one of their clients does hold their individuality stolen. Since they are a little bank. budget will be a serious consideration when doing the switch to two-factor hallmark. A method that has been used in the authorities and military. and that is now easy accessible is the usage of a hardware consecutive figure generator. This involves the usage of a little ( cigarette lighter sized ) device that generates a new alone figure every few proceedingss. It is based off of a algorithm the bank computing machine knows and each individual has their ain alone seed figure. so each person’s Numberss are alone to them. When they log in. they are asked for a username/password combination and the figure off their hardware key. Harmonizing to the FDIC this is now one of the most normally used engineerings used by online banking services. Sing that the bank is little. the above suggestion of a hardware key that generates erstwhile watchwords is truly the best option. However. USB fingerprint readers are non excessively expensive now. and utilizing biometries like this could be an option particularly for concern clients. The top of the hardware key is that you can convey it with you wherever you go. but that brings up the downside that it can be stolen. Your fingerprints can non be stolen so easy. Either manner. two-factor hallmark should be implemented every bit shortly as possible to protect the bank and their clients.

Definition of School Essay

Definition of School Essay Definition of School Essay Children have been going to school for years and years now. The school that people think of and what it really is today has changed completely. When school comes to mind you think of kids going to school and getting an education. The safety of your children and knowing that they could go to school and you would be able to see them again when they return home. I am sure that every parent dreams of there child going to school and someday graduating and going onto college to make a better life for themselves. Another is drugs, I bet those were not big in schools twenty years ago. Well now the definiton of school has completely changed and nothing is the same. Now in schools there is a high rate of crime and drugs. Kids are doing drugs in school at such a young age now. I graduated in 2009 and I remember kids getting busted for some of the most stuipd things that you could ever think of. Kids were â€Å"snorting† house hold chemicals or even super glue to get a high, then they wou ld bring it into school and get other students to try it in the bathrooms on breaks or at lunch. You also have the typical drugs like marijua and perscription pain killers are being brought to school by student who are even as young as the seventh grade. Kids are also bringing alcohol to school and trying to drink it throughout the day and sharing with other children. The drugs and drinking in the public school systems has changed so much. Now schools are having to do random lock downs and bringing in police dogs and having the school searched for all of the substances in the school. I tell my parents about what I saw in school and they never ever thought of that happening and said how much school has changed in the twenty years they have been out of school. Bullying has always happened in school but now it has come to an all time high. Kids are getting bullied so bad that children are now taking matters into there own hands, not being able to get the help that they need and taking there own lives because of kids at school. Also they would take matters into their own hands in a different way and bring weapons to school and try and kill the other student or students who are bullying them. I know that when I went to school students always just wanted to fight and coming from a good quite community I still could not believe that this was happening. The family of a Flour Bluff teen who killed himself after being bullied will never be able to see their son graduate. They say its only brought more painful memories of what Teddy Molina experienced before his death. Teddy shot and killed himself April 1, 2012, just one month after he withdrew from the Flour Bluff School District because of bullying . Since then, his family has been advocating awareness on bullying (Reyes). They found some letters written by Teddy talking about the bullying they blame on their son's death. Kids are mean and now with all of the stigmas you have out in society today it is making kids crazy. If you come to school and you are not up to date on the latest trends and what is cool you are profiled by all the other students. In school you have many different groups like cool kids, jocks, nerds, band geeks, theatre group and all sorts of other groups and if you don’t fit into that group they just completely ignore everyone outside of the groups. I know that these types of groups have always been in high schoo,l but the attitudes have changed and the actions. Now they are bullying other people who are not part of there group and a life ends up having to be taken, something that people would never think would happen. Schools now are trying to educate students and staff on bullying and what to be able to do if you see bullying or the one being bullied. Some of the activies now to show students about this issue is internet research to look up the different types of bullying, how to prevent it, and show kids how to be able to respond. Presentations are now given in school such as role

Free Essays on Republican Nominee George W. Bush’s Education Plan

Republican Nominee George W. Bush’s Education Plan Teachers, Student Testing, and Higher Education Republican presidential candidate George W. Bush has proposed an education reform plan, which focuses on the youth of America, as a major part of his 2000 campaign. The proposed education plan, if enacted, would cost approximately $47 billion over a period of ten years. The major goal of Bush’s education agenda focuses on giving and maintaining states control of the education system, rather than promoting federal control of the educational system. Accountability is a key factor in the proposed education plan. Through the educational reform, the Bush campaign will create and support school voucher programs, mandatory student testing, and easier access to higher education institutions, among other measures which will attempt to promote and raise education standards across the United States, while holding states accountable for their overall improvements (voter.com). The emphasized goal of this reform will be to raise education standards, and thus raise student rates of meeting these higher standards. According to Governor Bush, â€Å"America today is in an education recession. Standards are not high enough; performance is not strong enough,† as stated during his PBS Address on Education, 10/30/2000. (Http://www.georgewbush.com/news.asp?FormMode=NR&Search=1&ID=2003). Mr. Bush’s overall statement concerning the issue of education, found on the website, Voter.com, outlines major aspects of the education reform which he supports including: Empowering parents with information comparing their child’s school with other state schools. Empowering parents with the choice of schools their child may attend. Expanding education savings accounts for parents with an increase in allowance of annual contributions. Improving state charter schools through a Charter School Homestead Fund. &#... Free Essays on Republican Nominee George W. Bush’s Education Plan Free Essays on Republican Nominee George W. Bush’s Education Plan Republican Nominee George W. Bush’s Education Plan Teachers, Student Testing, and Higher Education Republican presidential candidate George W. Bush has proposed an education reform plan, which focuses on the youth of America, as a major part of his 2000 campaign. The proposed education plan, if enacted, would cost approximately $47 billion over a period of ten years. The major goal of Bush’s education agenda focuses on giving and maintaining states control of the education system, rather than promoting federal control of the educational system. Accountability is a key factor in the proposed education plan. Through the educational reform, the Bush campaign will create and support school voucher programs, mandatory student testing, and easier access to higher education institutions, among other measures which will attempt to promote and raise education standards across the United States, while holding states accountable for their overall improvements (voter.com). The emphasized goal of this reform will be to raise education standards, and thus raise student rates of meeting these higher standards. According to Governor Bush, â€Å"America today is in an education recession. Standards are not high enough; performance is not strong enough,† as stated during his PBS Address on Education, 10/30/2000. (Http://www.georgewbush.com/news.asp?FormMode=NR&Search=1&ID=2003). Mr. Bush’s overall statement concerning the issue of education, found on the website, Voter.com, outlines major aspects of the education reform which he supports including: Empowering parents with information comparing their child’s school with other state schools. Empowering parents with the choice of schools their child may attend. Expanding education savings accounts for parents with an increase in allowance of annual contributions. Improving state charter schools through a Charter School Homestead Fund. &#...

Frankenstein-Vol.3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Frankenstein-Vol.3 - Essay Example In brief, Victor who is the creator of an evil creature now wants to get rid of him but he could not do so as the creature has constantly kept an eye on him. The creature wants Victor to create a female for him just like he created him joining pieces of several corpses. He gets threatening notes from the creature that in case of failure to do so; the creature will not let Victor marry Elizabeth. Victor has become the creatures "slave," and his life is entirely of the creatures design. It is no longer clear who is the creator, who the creation. Victor, after experiencing several phases of fear and depression within him decides to fulfill the desire of the creature but Frankenstein is repulsed by the thought that the two monsters might beget children; thereby creating a new race that could ultimately destroy all humanity. Victor decides that unleashing such a bane upon mankind would be of the utmost selfishness and tears the half finished creature (bride of creature) into pieces. The c reature upon knowing about the broken promise intimidate Victor with a chilling promise that the creature would be with him on his wedding night. The creature murdered his friend ‘Henry’ and Victor was held responsible for his murder. Victor lies in a delirium of fever and confusion. When Victor finally emerges from his delirium he immediately asks after the safety of Elizabeth. His fathers presence slowly begins to regain his health and after getting through such a dilemma, he marry Elizabeth but just before his wedding night, Elizabeth was murdered and ruined by the creature. Mary Shelley wants the reader to realize that no human has the power to create another being and if it becomes possible, the resultant would nothing but the evil who will, unlike humans not consider his creator to be his master. I, however agree with this fact that only God has the power to create beings, therefore they could not threaten him. I agree upon the truth the writer wanted the

Baseball in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baseball in the United States - Essay Example Americans were not used to aristocracy and as a result, they had to choose from a wide range of activities that made them happy. It is of paramount importance to note that baseball can be played by everyone regardless of age, sex, or gender as opposed to soccer, which must be played by physically fit players. Although baseball balls are cheaper than soccer balls, the latter involves more players and spectators because it is played in an open space (Guttmann, 2012). Most modern sports are timed, but baseball can go on if there is competition because the weaker team tries its best to retire the better side. This makes baseball more interesting to American society because everybody is involved. American society is used to have a democratic way of life and they find this in baseball. Although admirers of golf, soccer, and football believe that the games are democratic, baseball fans see it as the most democratic game the world has ever seen. European and other societies view baseball as a boring game because of the interruptions, which occur during the game, but it has to be understood that the interruptions give the spectator enough time to calculate the arithmetic involved in the game. This is unlike other games such as soccer and football, which are continuous (Guttmann, 2012). According to Ross (2012), baseball is a pastoral game that creates a feeling of harmony to the spectator; it is worth noting that the game takes one from the bustle and hustle of city life to a traditional setting.  

Summary of IAS 18 Essay Example for Free

Summary of IAS 18 Essay Revenue: the gross inflow of economic benefits (cash, receivables, other assets) arising from the ordinary operating activities of an entity (such as sales of goods, sales of services, interest, royalties, and dividends). [IAS 18.7] Measurement of Revenue Revenue should be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. [IAS 18.9] An exchange for goods or services of a similar nature and value is not regarded as a transaction that generates revenue. However, exchanges for dissimilar items are regarded as generating revenue. [IAS 18.12] If the inflow of cash or cash equivalents is deferred, the fair value of the consideration receivable is less than the nominal amount of cash and cash equivalents to be received, and discounting is appropriate. This would occur, for instance, if the seller is providing interest-free credit to the buyer or is charging a below-market rate of interest. Interest must be imputed based on market rates. [IAS 18.11] Recognition of Revenue Recognition, as defined in the IASB Framework, means incorporating an item that meets the definition of revenue (above) in the income statement when it meets the following criteria: †¢ it is probable that any future economic benefit associated with the item of revenue will flow to the entity, and †¢ the amount of revenue can be measured with reliability IAS 18 provides guidance for recognising the following specific categories of revenue: Sale of Goods Revenue arising from the sale of goods should be recognised when all of the following criteria have been satisfied: [IAS 18.14] †¢ the seller has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership †¢ the seller retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold †¢ the amount of revenue can be measured reliably †¢ it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the seller, and †¢ the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably Rendering of Services For revenue arising from the rendering of services, provided that all of the following criteria are met, revenue should be recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date (the percentage-of-completion method): [IAS 18.20] †¢ the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; †¢ it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the seller; †¢ the stage of completion at the balance sheet date can be measured reliably; and †¢ the costs incurred, or to be incurred, in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. When the above criteria are not met, revenue arising from the rendering of services should be recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable (a cost-recovery approach. [IAS 18.26] Interest, Royalties, and Dividends For interest, royalties and dividends, provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the enterprise and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, revenue should be recognised as follows: [IAS 18.29-30] †¢ interest: using the effective interest method as set out in IAS 39 †¢ royalties: on an accruals basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement †¢ dividends: when the shareholders right to receive payment is established Disclosure

AIDS :: AIDS Essays

In 1918 the United States experienced one of the worst epidemics in its history. With 500,000 dead in a matter of 6 months, the Spanish influenza left its mark. With approximately 11.7 million dead worldwide, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) is still leaving its mark. It is a pandemic the likes of which the world has always feared to see.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The HIV virus comes in several varieties, yet they kill basically the same. Our understanding of this virus and how it works is essential to finding its cure, and to preventing its spread. Who it affects and the reasons for its spreading are also important to fight against it. And finally, what can be done to treat and prevent it is essential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the World Health Organization we began to see what AIDS truly was in the late 1970’s to early 80’s, mostly in men and women with multiple sex partners located in East and Central Africa, but also in bisexuals and homosexuals in specific urban areas of the Americas, Ausrtalasia and Western Europe. Aids was and is spread still through infected hypodermic needles which drug abusers are affected by, but also through transfusion of the blood and its components. And sadly, whenever a mother is infected, the unborn child will almost positively receive the virus before, during, or after the pregnancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The viruses which cause AIDS, otherwise known as Human Immunodeficiecy Viruses(HIV) were first discovered in 1983 cooperatively by Dr. Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute and Dr. Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in France. Aids is caused mainly by the HIV-1 virus, while the HIV-2 virus is less pronounced among those infected. Scientists are puzzled as to why this dominant HIV-1 virus has 10 different genetic subtypes, some think that it is so the virus will survive no matter what.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  HIV is part of a group of viruses called retroviruses. This category basically describes how the virus transmits and reproduces itself. Which is to say that upon entering the body the virus attaches itself to a T-4 cell(T-Helper cell), which is the type of cell that marks the bad things in our body so that another cell, the B-lymphocyte, can activate the production of antibodies, which are what would normally kill the virus. So, after attaching itself to this cell it then injects its viral replicating DNA in, which then copies itself

Rape and Behavioral Changes Essay

In this century, the term rape is common in every part of the world. According to a Firstpost. India, (2013), approximately 68,000 rape cases were reported alone in India during 2009-2012. But only 16,000 cases were sentenced. This shows how serious the rape cases are. Nowadays in different parts of the country, where these types of crimes are increasing, woman’s live in fear. They have no idea where, when or whom will attack them. For anyone it can be the most torturing and disgusting that would happen in their life. Rapists should be punished in such a way that no one else would ever think about committing a rape. But, without harsh actions, the situation will not improve and women’s protection will stay as an incomplete hallucination. Firstly, people should learn how to take such cases seriously, most importantly police. It can be one of the easiest ways to reduce such crimes. Some people say that, rape is not equal to murder, so death penalty is not suitable for this. In my opinion those people who commit this crime does not deserve any respect to live. It is because, the victim suffers a lot throughout her life, and they lose trust and self confidence in themselves. Victims try to suicide or they are even murdered, moreover effects on children due to physical attack, and other kinds of social complications. The victim suffers a lot through her life due to rape. Since the childhood, children are told to ignore strangers who offers them sweets, as for teenagers in this century, they need to be very careful who they have relationships with, it will not be too difficult to understand what I am saying. As there is news everywhere about some close friend or someone who you believe as a family member raped someone. According to Barker (2012), 73% of sexual assaults are committed by someone the victim knows somehow. And two-thirds of rapes are committed by someone well-known to the victim. Everyone’s life is valuable, no one have the right to take the life from them. Pregnancy and other kinds of physical damages are suffered by victims. If the victim is alive, remembrance of such assaults is tormenting. This may even lead to brain damages. So due to this those people who commit the murder have no right to live. Secondly, when someone goes through such kinds of mistreatment, the victim find it difficult to trust anyone. They wish to stay alone; in addition the victim loses him or her self-confidence. In order to continue their life, a lot of self-confidence is important. Or else there will not be any success in life, rather down-fall. They may even feel angry and shame, due to this they may try to seek revenge. This may lead to unexpected downfall in the society. Thus, the whole future of the victim is ruined, because in most of the cases the victim is ignored by the society. Some people believe that hanging the rapist, will not stop them. But in my opinion they will step back, this will reduce the crime rate. At the same time, victims commit suicide or they are even murdered. According to Mulugeta, Kassave & Berhane (1998), In Ethiopia, 6% of raped schoolgirls reported having attempted suicide. Now think how much it might have increased until 2013. Victims feel humiliated to talk about what had happened to them. And rapists murder the victim inorder to hide their mistake. Or else they want to unidentified. Letting the rapists walk freely will result in, repeating of such cases by the same person. This will lead to fear in the society. You may see in everyday news, people protesting against the rapists. But the justice is not given to these people. In contrast, physical attack on children or infants may lead to different problems such as, anxiety, behavioral changes, depression, eating disorders, school learning problems and many more. This might affect the growth of the child. Ancestral rape has been shown to be one of the supreme life threatening forms of juvenile distress, a trauma that repeatedly does serious and long-standing emotional loss, mainly in the incident of maternal incest. A murder is like abolishing the physical frame of the victim such as rape degrades the helpless life of the victim. To this end, there are many social problems faced due to such cases. It could spread dangerous diseases, such as HIV. This is a fact that should not be ignored. Moreover, if these people are set free, chances of increase in crime rates is high. For example, the rapists go into the jail due to committing this crime, but he is let out after few weeks or years, then the first think in his mind will be taking the revenge from that person who let him into the jail. This is a fact that everyone believes. In addition, social problems, like murder will occur. The parent or anyone closer to the victim, may murder the rapists. This will lead to many other problems which do not have an end. To conclude, letting the rapists walk freely is dangerous for both society and the victim. Since we have no idea what type of a crime will he commit next. Similarly, crime that rapists commit cannot be forgiven, they should be hanged. Since, due to such crime, the victim suffers a lot, such as physical damages, behavioral changes and mind damages. Moreover, victim loses her self-confidence which will lead loss of future to the victim if victim tries to seek revenge. Furthermore, victims of such crimes commit suicide, which is unacceptable for the family of the victim. A physical attack on infants and children ruins their childhood, leading problems of education, distress, and loss of self-esteem. Continuing the discussion it also causes many social problems in the society as well as the country. This includes, women’s and children living in fear, spread of dangerous diseases such as HIV, murders and many more. Finally, in my opinion a rapist does not deserve to live, as I believe that raping is equal to the murder and an action to stop such people should be taken seriously.

Jaguar Land Rover Essay

Jaguar and Land Rover are two of the world’s most iconic luxury brands. Every day they’re reaching more customers, and their network of well over 2,000 dealerships continues to expand around the world. As their global marketplace extends further, they need to provide more customers than ever before with an unrivalled experience. Their fast paced environment is one where you can swim free in a pool full of sharks. You’ll be instrumental in protecting their heritage and unique brand values, but also making sure that their brands continue to grow, develop and seize attention worldwide. The Jaguar Cars and Land Rover businesses were first united under a single entity by Ford Motor Company in 2002. In 2006 Ford purchased the Rover brand name and logos from BMW for around  £6 million. This reunited the Rover and Land Rover brands for the first time since the Rover group was broken up by BMW in 2000 Their advertisement skills are very top notch. They show their vehicle in a tough environment to show the pure strength of the vehicle and show that it is capable of any task. They make the Jaguar Land Rover seem fast and dynamic with certain shots to persuade the viewer to buy such a beautiful vehicle. Jaguar Land rover is owned by Dr Ralf Speth. He is the chief director of the company. Sales – In the year ended 31 March 2011, Jaguar Land Rover sold a total of 240,905 units, of which 189,087 were Land Rovers and 51,818 were Jaguars. In that period 24.1% of sales were in the United Kingdom, 22% in Europe (excluding the United Kingdom and Russia), 20.9% in North America, 12% in China, 4.9% in Russia and 15.9% in the rest of the world. In the year ended 31 March 2012, Jaguar Land Rover sold a total of 305,859 units, of which 251,632 were Land Rovers and 54,227 were Jaguar In that period 22% of sales were in Europe (excluding the United Kingdom and Russia), 19.6% in the United Kingdom, 19.0% in North America, 16.7% in China, 4.2% in Asia Pacific (excluding China) and 19.0% in the rest of the  world

Rubella Virus Essays - RTT, Rubella, Pediatrics, Vaccines

Rubella Virus Essays - RTT, Rubella, Pediatrics, Vaccines Rubella Virus (German Measles) Biology 201A Anatomy & Physiology I Professor Debra Dutton August 1, 2012 Introduction Rubella infections in the United States are reported in people who are all mostly foreign-born or unimmunized. These reported rubella cases are right now at a record low levels; however, outbreaks and cases have struck, mainly between the unvaccinated foreign-born adults. This is the one of the reasons why Filipinos traveling abroad and or back to their native homeland of the Philippines should use precaution by getting vaccinated with the rubella vaccine prior to traveling to the Philippines. The Philippines is still a rising and evolving country that lacks a basic healthcare access in most of the rural areas, which also generally lacks a rubella vaccination program. History The Rubella virus is the causative agent of the disease rubella. The earliest possible description of rubella dates back to when the clinical manifestations of the disease were described by two German physicians, de Bergan in 1752 and Orlow in 1758. During that period of time, the disease was considered to be an outgrowth of measles. They were also known as German measles. German physician George de Maton, documented the disease as distinct from measles in 1814. Henry Veale, a British Army surgeon later renamed rubella (from the Latin word red) after the distinct red, rash-like symptoms. In 1881, rubella was formally recognized as a distinct individual entity. Etiology Rubella Virus is the only member of the genus Rubivirus and is from the family Togaviridae. The typically only known hosts of this virus are humans. The virus is covered by a lipid membrane and has a positive-stranded single RNA genome. Chemical agents, low pH, heat, and cold readily inactivate the Rubella virus. Cell-mediated immunity develops 2 to 4 weeks after infection and hemagglutination inhibition. Neutralizing antibodies directed against the virus peak at approximately 4 weeks. After infection to rubella, immunity usually persists for life. Transmission Rubella is transmitted from human to human only by direct or droplet contact with infected body fluids. Most commonly are nasopharyngeal secretions. Patients cam shed infectious virus from 7 to 30 days after infection (from 1 week before to 2 weeks after the beginning of the rash). The average incubation period for the virus is about 14 days (ranges from 2 to 23 days). During this period, the virus replicates in the nasopharynx and local lymph nodes and then spreads hematogenously throughout the entire body. Most women who contract rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy, have a greater risk of passing the virus on to their baby congenitally. Babies who obtain the rubella virus congenitally are at risk for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) and may result in serious birth defects. Diagnosis The most common method of confirming the diagnosis of rubella is through a serological titer. Acute rubella infection can be serologically confirmed by a significant rise in rubella antibody titer in acute and convalescent serum specimens or by the presence of serum rubella IgM. Rubella virus can be isolated from throat, nasal, urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome cases. Symptoms Children and adults with the rubella infection may begin with 1-2 days with a low-grade fever (1010 or lower), swollen glands behind the ears or in the neck, and can possibly have upper respiratory infection before they start developing a rash. The red rash usually starts at the face and works its way progressing towards the extremities. Children with rubella usually exhibit just the red rash starting at the face progressing down the body. Adult women with the red rash exhibit stiffness and pain in the wrist, knee joints and finger, which usually lasts a month. Other symptoms in adults include: headache, tiredness, pinkeye, and muscle and body aches. Symptoms of rubella may not be present at all, even if infected with the rubella virus. A pregnant woman who develops rubella, but has no rubella symptoms, may still pose a threat for her baby developing serious Congenital Rubella Syndrome symptoms. The Consequences of rubella infection include: Stillbirths, abortions, and miscarriages. Problems that can occur because of CRS include: cataracts, deafness, mental retardation, pneumonia, heart defects, and spleen and liver damage. Treatment Treatment of rubella generally consists of fluids, rest, and medication. No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection.

The Position of Nicht in German Sentences

The Position of 'Nicht' in German Sentences In German, the position of nicht (not) in a sentence is quite simple and straightforward. You have to keep in mind a few points, and  nicht will fall right into place. Nicht as an Adverb Nicht is an adverb, so you will always find it either before or after a verb, adjective or fellow adverb. It usually precedes an adverb or an adjective, but it likes to settle after conjugated verbs. (So think the opposite of English.) Example: Ich trinke nicht meine Limonade. (Im not drinking my lemonade.) Nicht and Declarative Sentences On the other hand, nicht likes to travel all the way to the end of a sentence at times. This happens most often with declarative sentences. Example A sentence with just a subject and verb:  Sie arbeitet nicht. (She is not working.)  A sentence with a direct object (mir):  Er hilft mir nicht. (He doesnt help me.)   The same applies with simple yes/no questions. For example:  Gibt der Schà ¼ler dem Lehrer die Leseliste nicht? (Is the student not giving the reading list to the teacher?) Nicht and Separable and Compound Verbs With verbs, nicht will bounce around a bit depending on the type of verb.   Nicht will be positioned right before a verb prefix in a sentence containing a separable verb. For example:  Wir gehen heute nicht einkaufen. (We are not going shopping today.)Nicht will be positioned right before an infinitive or infinitives that are part of a verbal combination. For example:  Du sollst nicht schlafen. (You should not sleep.) Another example: Du wirst jetzt nicht schlafen gehen. (You are not going to sleep now.) Nicht and Adverbs of Time The adverbs of time that have chronological logic to them will usually be followed by nicht. These are adverbs such as gestern (yesterday), heute (today), morgen (tomorrow), frà ¼her (earlier), and  spter (later). Example:  Sie ist gestern nicht mitgekommen.  (She did not come along yesterday.) Contrarily, adverbs of time that do not have a chronological logic to them will be preceded by nicht. Example:  Er wird nicht sofort kommen. (He will not come right away.) With all other adverbs, nicht is usually positioned directly before them. Example:  Simone fhrt nicht langsam genug. (Simone doesnt drive slow enough.) Summary of Rules Nicht will usually follow:  Adverbs that can be organized chronologically. Nicht  will usually precede: adverbs of time that cannot be organized chronologicallyall other adverbsverbsseparable verb prefixverb infinitivesadjectivesprepositional phrases

To What Extent Does a Director's Duty Under Section 175 Companies Act Essay

To What Extent Does a Director's Duty Under Section 175 Companies Act 2006 Continue Post-Resignation - Essay Example The Company Act 2006 brought up a statutory code of general duties of directors; this introduction was appearing in the UK’s Company law for the first time. The main purpose of this legislation was to enhance the general understanding of the legal duties of directors. The duties of the directors established in the Act are based on certain equitable principles and common law rules. The interpretation of the statutory duties in the future is required to be according to the development of those principles of case law.2 The director’s duties are not owed to the shareholders but rather to the company. The Act stipulates the duty of each director to include: a duty to foster company’s success as the director deems it in good faith; a duty for the director to avoid any conflicts of interest; a duty of non-acceptance of benefits such as secret commissions and bribes; a duty to act within the terms of powers granted under the constitution of the company; a duty to exercis e reasonable diligence, skill, and care; a duty to declare any interests in the company’s transactions; and a duty to effect independent judgment.3 . In addition, the Act incorporates expressly long-standing equitable doctrines in order to provide remedies for director’s breach of duties, as noted for example in the case of Boardman v Phipps.4 Of most interest in this discussion is section 175 of Companies Act 2006. In reference to section 175 Companies Act 2006, this discussion will consider the extent to which a director’s duty will continue post-resignation. In particular, section 175 of the Companies Act 2006 deals with the director’s duties concerning conflict of interest (actual and potential). The main rationale of this provision is to codify the subsisting principles of case law and to develop parallel principles to the existing ones. Section 175 (1) state that a company director must avoid situations in which he has, or can have, conflicts of int erest either directly or indirectly, or this interest and that of the company may conflict. Section 175 (2) provides that the duty to avoid conflicts of interest applies particularly to the exploitation of any opportunity, information, or property.5 However, section 175(3) provides that this duty shall not apply to conflicts of interest arising from an arrangement or transaction with the company. Additionally, section 175(4) states that this duty will not be considered infringed if: the directors have authorised the matter or the circumstances cannot be reasonable considered as giving rise to conflicts of interest. In section 175(5), the Act provides that the directors may give the authorisation in the following situations: where the company is a public constitution and the provision enabling authorisation by the directors is contained in its constitution, or where the company is a private company and its constitution does not validate authorisation of matter. Besides, section 175(6 ) states that authorisation can be effective if: agreement to the matter was made without voting or its agreement could have

Re-negotiations in PPP Transport Infrastructure Essay

Re-negotiations in PPP Transport Infrastructure - Essay Example The paper tells that there is the tendency of national governments to incorporate the public-private partnerships (PPP) to provide and upgrade infrastructures, as well as public services. Talk of light rails, upgraded electric railway system, mainland road and main highways, as well as port facilities, are just but some of the projects the private sector is getting substantially involved in, conjunction with the public and local authorities to enhance service delivery in the transport system. Majority of these engagements are made effective via a group of diverse companies and contractual concessions. According to Smith the Principal refers to the one responsible for granting a concession and the ultimate owner of the facility after transfer. They are mostly government agencies, or regulate monopolies. On the other hand, the promoter is the organization that is granted the concession to build, own, operate and transfer a facility. In the course of project contractual engagements and project work, the companies and contractual concessions are faced by serious shortcomings calling for renegotiations. According to Estache and Rus, one crucial consideration that is made during the drafting of a concession contract, is that, during all probability of the life of contract, some unpredicted circumstances will arise forcing the parties of the contract to renegotiate. The statement is truly relevant in cases of concession contracts. The logic behind this is due to the long period of the contract, thus making it anticipate all possible contingencies unfeasible for either of the parties. On the same note, unforeseen contingencies also occur as a result of concession contracts for port facilities and relate to expensive fixed assets that are easily removable and redeployed to a different location (Gomez-Ibanez and Meyer 1993). Renegotiations occur in developing and developed countries alike. Gomez-Inbanez and Meyer (1993) analysed transport concessions in industrialised co untries and made out that renegotiations are remarkably common. Renegotiation of a concession contract is probably the rule and not the exception, and they should not be perceived as a failure (Peter, Kuyper and Candolle 1995). Due to concession contracts being essentially long-life documents, the parties are not in a position to foresee all possible future contingencies at the moment of the contract drafting. Thereby, this should be noted in advance, and the parties ought to consider several future conflict scenarios and put in place provisions for inclusion of at least basic renegotiations rules. Nevertheless, it is critical for the concessionaire to avoid renegotiation at an early stage as it may place in jeopardy the credibility, transparency, and fairness of the bidding process (Estache and Rus 2000). Contracts are mainly renegotiated within a few years after official contractual signing and results into better contractual terms for the contract holders (promoters). The princip le and the promoter are crucial entities in the signing and effectual implementation of the contracts to the project (Smith 2002). This paper aims at evaluating the principle and the promoter in renegotiations regarding public-private partnerships concession contracts, in regard to transport infrastructure. Further, equitable renegotiations are imperative to the realisation of the completion of the project in question. This paper also aims at evaluating how to achieve equitable renegotiations, which offer superb value to both the principle and promoter. The contractual renegotiation is effective in the reduction of contract incompetence; conversely, a poor design of these can allow for opportunistic behavior by the concessionaries. Thus, there is

Critical Analysis of the Use of Fate Imagery in The Tale of Kieu Essay

Critical Analysis of the Use of Fate Imagery in The Tale of Kieu - Essay Example In most cases, abstract imagery bears imposed characteristic. Fate imagery is one of the abstract imageries that have been traditionally used in literature all over the world from the very beginning of human civilization. In Nguyen Du’s â€Å"The Tale of Kieu† fate imagery plays a very crucial role in the development of the theme of the poem. I say this because in â€Å"the Tale of Kieu† fate has been portrayed as a villain that inflicts pains, sufferings and miseries upon the protagonist, Kieu. Indeed it is fate that takes a test of Kieu’s virtues and psychological strength. To a great extent, fate appears as a scapegoat which, in a number of ways, serves as the replacement of the oppressive patriarchy. Very often Kieu tends to blame her fate for the pains and sufferings in her life. In a male dominated society she is conventionally accustomed to accept the male hegemony as it is. Though her sufferings are mainly induced by her male counterparts, she fail s to acknowledge them as the root cause of her sufferings. She accuses fate of causing sufferings to women, while ignoring the inferior position women subjugated by men: â€Å"Since ages out of mind, / harsh fate has cursed all women, sparing none. / As I see her lie there, it hurts to think / what will become of me in later days.† (Line 106-110) Kieu believes that women are cursed by fate for ages. She is fully aware of the legacy of the social injustice that women have had to face. She knows that she is also destined to face the same fate: â€Å"As I see her lie there, it hurts to think / what will become of me in later days† (Line 109110). Indeed Kieu’s view of â€Å"cursed womanhood† is the reflection of what Confucian patriarchy teaches them to think of themselves. In Confucian women are viewed as some existence that is both physically and mentally fragile and frail. They are beautiful but weak. Therefore they should be under tutelage of their male g uardians such father, brother or husband. They should go against the decision of their male guardians. A girl needs the guardianship more than a boy does, because she is fated to be such. For Kieu, fate is somewhat that equals to God to a great extent. In some cases fate seems to be God’s decision. She believes that either fate or God is responsible for cursed womanhood. When Dam Tien’s lover mourns at her deathbed saying, â€Å"Harsh is the fate that has kept us apart! / Since in this life we are not meant to meet, / let me pledge you my troth for our next life† (Line 74-76), he essentially refers to heavenly decision. Indeed fate’s association with God’s decision is evident in the following lines in which she directly accuses God of being cruel: â€Å"How sorrowful is women's lot! -she cried / We all partake of woe, our common fate. / Creator, why are you so mean and cruel / blighting green days and fading rose-fresh cheeks?† (Line 82-5) I n these lines, â€Å"Creator† or God is directly held responsible for â€Å"women’s sorrowful lot†. Kieu considers God’s decision as women’s â€Å"common fate†. She believes that god is responsible for â€Å"fading rose-fresh cheeks†. Indeed the frequent of fate imagery in â€Å"the Tale of Kieu†, contributes a lot to the portrayal of the faith of Confucian society

Human Factors Engineering †Geriatrics Essay Example for Free

Human Factors Engineering – Geriatrics Essay Professionals in gerontology and geriatrics estimate that by the middle of the 21st century, more than 60 million of people in the United States will be older than 65. Many of these people will cross the 85-age-line (Schulz, 2007). In this context, old people do not simply live longer, but remain active and productive and strive to preserve their individual independence even in older age. Obviously, these demographic shifts are extremely challenging to society. As long as the process of aging is associated with biological, psychological, physiological, and cognitive changes, older people face a whole set of issues, when trying to preserve stability of their links with the real-world environments. These are often impossible without using technologies. Human factors engineering is expected to make valuable contribution in geriatrics, making aging population less vulnerable to the abovementioned changes, and enhancing the quality of life among older adults. As a multidisciplinary science, human factors engineering is about numerous issues, but in this work special attention will be given to home and work activities (social aspects of human factors engineering), as well as the problems older people may experience with vision and hearing (individual aspects of human factors engineering). To begin with, â€Å"human factors engineering is the study of human beings and their interactions with products, environments, and equipment in the performance of tasks and activities† (Schulz, 2007). It is a multidisciplinary field in that it encompasses the disciplines of psychology, physiology, engineering, biomechanics, and computer science. Regardless of whether in aging, in pediatrics, or in adulthood, human factors engineering seeks to identify specific human capabilities, their limitations associated with age, the impact of these limitations on individuals’ interactions with the real-world environments, and the ways of improving these interactions. When it comes to geriatrics as the science of aging, human factors engineering is to address the four essential aspects, which actually shape an older person’s reality: work, home, transportation, and product design (Schulz, 2007). Some authors also include communication, safety and security, and leisure into the list of critical human factors engineering elements in aging (Czaja, 1990). Certainly, home and home activities present the greatest challenges to older people. Against a common belief, many older people live alone and have to cope (or even to fight) with a whole set of home activities. Apart from living alone, many older people are likely to spend most of their time at home, and many of them will also face a difficulty in performing even simple tasks like bathing, cooking, washing, cleaning, etc. The most common home traumas include falls, burns (e. g. from cooking), and poisoning from gases and vapors (Czaja, 1990). Given that to live alone for older people means to preserve their individuality, and that performing their home tasks without external assistance works to enhance their self-esteem, several technological and social solutions can help older people cope with these challenges. First of all, appropriate home design may substantially reduce the risk of traumas; convenient stairways, better lighting, handrails – all these can successfully remedy human factors issues in geriatrics (Schulz, 2007). Second, when it comes to household chores, a range of in-home services including delivered meals and home health visits can â€Å"extend the ability of the elderly to live independently† (Czaja, 1990). However, older people’s striving to independence is not limited to home activities. Work remains one of the critical factors of social and individual success later in life. Objectively, and in the light of the current demographic trends, businesses are no longer able to design work environments in a way that fits both younger and older workers; â€Å"clearly, most businesses and industries now need to develop strategies to accommodate an aging workforce† (Schulz, 2007). In this context, the two essential individual factors of aging come into place. First, business owners face a challenge of compensating for age-related visual deficits. Second, they are also bound to comply and cope with hearing issues in older workers. These two aspects are fairly regarded as the two most important human engineering factors of aging (Charness Schaie, 2003). It is difficult to deny the fact that the changes in peripheral vision, color perceptions, motion perceptions, as well as anatomical changes in hearing, the loss of frequency and intensity of sound perceptions, as well as distorted sound localization may significantly reduce and even discriminate against the older worker’s desire and ability to work. At the same time, more and more older people remain in the workforce; many of them undertake part-time jobs. Not only does work help older people preserve their individuality and independence, but it also relieves the social and unemployment burden at the state and federal levels (Czaja, 1990). That is why businesses do not have any other choice but to seek effective human factors engineering solutions to cope with the discussed issues. Unfortunately, although the amount of information about aging is affluent, the data on the implications of aging for work is rather scarce. Generally, books on human factors engineering refer to ergonomic considerations (better workplace design, accommodation, and possible use of assistive technologies), equipment redesign, and possible training needs (Schulz, 2007). These, however, do not address such factors of aging in work environments as absenteeism and turnover (Czaja, 1990). As a result, when it comes to work environments, jobs for older people should be designed to help them preserve their productivity and remain a part of the workforce, even when the need to be absent from work arises. For example, the use of computer technologies could help older people take jobs that do not require leaving their homes. When it comes to vision and hearing issues, a range of information processing computer software could be utilized to enhance the quality of older people’s interactions with the real world (Charness Schaie, 2003). In similar ways, technology can be successfully used to help older people train their memory, cognitive skills, and attention. For example, older people can be trained to use computer technologies as a part of their attention and memory improvement strategies. Similar recommendations can also cover the areas of communication, transportation, and leisure. Unfortunately, professional human factors engineering research is only at the initial stage of its evolution, and whether older people are given a chance to participate in the major life activities also depends on how well human factors engineering professionals will perform in terms of empirical and practical research. Also, how well businesses and authorities use and implement recommendations and requirements presented as a result of human factors engineering research will predetermine older’ people success in socialization, work, communication and other life activities. Conclusion Human factors engineering is a multidisciplinary science that studies the ways in which humans interact with different environments. When it comes to geriatrics, human factors engineering is expected to study older people’s work and personal capabilities, their limitations, and the ways of addressing and overcoming them. Given that more and more older people live alone and strive to keep their jobs as a matter of better self-esteem and independence, many of them may face serious challenges associated with inevitable physiological biological, cognitive, and mechanical changes. Although the data regarding possible human factors solutions is rather limited, it is very probable that the nearest decade will give older people broader opportunities for self-realization in various social domains, from work to leisure and communication.

Fifth Business1 Essay -- Essays Papers

Fifth Business1 Canadian Heritage Commercial A railroad line is shown in the background as workers slave away at finishing the Canadian Pacific Rail line, which will run through all of Canada. Finally, the last stake is driven into the rail line thus completing it, rendering it useful for many years to come and effecting the lives of many in the present and future. The purpose of this essay is to reveal the importance of Canadian history in the novel Fifth Business by Robertson Davies. Fifth Business was written as a reflection of Robertson Davies’s life but also serves as a viewpoint of Canadian life in the early twentieth century. The novel is written accordingly to sequence of events in Canadian history; this allows Davies to shape the plot of the novel around these historical events. Canadian history plays a large role in the first half of the novel, which launches Dunstan Ramsay into a series of trials that develop his character and personality. Such as the Canadian Pacific Railway had united Canada, the same history would link the characters together, develop the characters, and drive the plot of the novel. The two most important historical events within the novel are The Great Depression and World War I. During The Great Depression, many individuals were had lost their fortunes and property due to the crash in the stock market. Many could not even merely afford to buy anything but necessities such as food. Luckily, Boy Staunton was unaffe...

Ch01 Organizations and Organization Theory

Chapter 1: Organizations and Organization Theory Current Challenges of Organizations †¢ Globalization o Markets, technologies, and organizations are becoming increasingly interconnected †¢ Ethics and social responsibility o The list of execs and major corporations involved in financial and ethical scandals continues to grow †¢ Speed of responsiveness o Globalization and advancing technology has accelerated the pace at which organizations in all industries must roll out new products and services to stay competitive †¢ The digital workplace In today’s workplace, many employees perform much of their work on computers and may work in virtual teams, connected electronically to colleagues around the world †¢ Diversity o By 2050, it is estimated that 85% of entrants into the workforce will be women and people of colour What Is an Organization? Organizations: social entities that are goal-directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activi ty system, and are linked to the external environment Types of Organizations †¢ Multinational corporations †¢ Small, family-owned shops †¢ For-profit versus non-profit organizationsOrganizations exist to do the following: 1. Bring together resources to achieve desired goals and outcomes 2. Produce goods and services efficiently 3. Facilitate innovation 4. Use modern manufacturing and information technologies 5. Adapt to influence a changing environment 6. Create value for owners, customers, and employees 7. Accommodate ongoing challenges of diversity, ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees Perspectives on Organizations Closed System †¢ A system that is autonomous, enclosed, and not dependent on its environment †¢ Don’t truly exist today Early management concepts such as scientific management, leadership style, and industrial engineering were closed-system approaches Open System †¢ A system that must interact with the environment to survive †¢ It both consumes resources and exports resources to the environment, and must continually adapt to the environment An Open System and its Subsystems [pic] Organization Configuration †¢ Technical core o Includes people who do the basic work of the organization o The primary transformation of inputs to outputs occurs here o Includes production department, teachers and classes, medical activities in hospitals, etc. Technical Support o Helps the organization adapt to the environment o Technical support employees such as engineers and researchers scan the environment for problems, opportunities, and technological developments o Responsible for creating innovations in the technical core †¢ Administrative Support o Responsible for the smooth operation and upkeep of the organization, including its physical and human elements o Includes HR activities like recruiting and hiring, making compensation/benefit plans, employee training, etc. †¢ Management A disti nct subsystem responsible for directing and coordinating other parts of the organization o Top management provides direction, strategy, goals, and policies for the entire organization or major divisions o Middle management is responsible for implementation and coordination at the departmental level [pic] Dimensions of Organization Design Structural Dimensions 1. Formalization ? Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the organization, including procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and policy manuals, describing behaviour and activities ?A large state university would be high on formulization and a small, family-owned business would be low on formulization 2. Specialization ? The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs 3. Hierarchy of authority ? Describes who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager ? The hierarchy is related to span of control (the number of employees reporting to a supervisor), and when the span is na rrow, the hierarchy is tall, and vice versa 4. Centralization ? Refers to the hierarchical level that has authority to make a decision ?When decision making is kept at the top level, the organization is centralized ? When decisions are delegated to lower organizational levels, it is decentralized 5. Professionalism ? The level of formal education and training of employees ? It’s considered high when employees require long periods of training ? Professionalism is measured as the average number of years of education of employees 6. Personnel ratios ? Refer to the development of people to various functions and departments ?Includes the administrative ratio, the clerical ratio, the professional staff ratio, and the ratio of indirect to direct labour employees ? A personnel ratio is measured by dividing the number of employees in a classification by the total number of organizational employees [pic] Contextual Dimensions 1. Size ? The organization’s magnitute as reflected i n the number of people in the organization ? Because organization’s are social systems, it’s typically measured by # of employees 2. Organizational technology ? Refers to the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform inputs into outputs ?It concerns how the organization actually produces the products and services and includes things such as flexible manufacturing, advanced info systems, and the Internet 3. Environment ? Includes all elements outside the boundary of the organization ? Key elements include the industry, government, customers, suppliers, and the financial community 4. Goals and Strategies ? Define the purpose and competitive techniques that set it apart from other organizations ? Goals are written down as an enduring statement of company intent ?A strategy is the plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities for dealing with the environment and for reaching the organization’s goals 5. Culture ? The underlying set of key va lues, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by employees ? These values may pertain to ethical behaviour, commitment to employees, efficiency, or customer service Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes †¢ Managers adjust structural and contextual dimensions and organizational subsystems to most efficiently and effectively transform inputs into outputs nd provide value †¢ Efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve the organization’s goals, and it is based on the quantity of inputs necessary to produce a given level of output †¢ Effectiveness is the degree to which an organization achieves its goals †¢ Stakeholder is any group within or outside an organization that has a stake in the organization’s performance †¢ Stakeholder approach assesses the satisfaction of stakeholders as an indicator of the organization’s performance (also called constituency approach) †¢ Major stakeholders and what they expect: Owners/sto ckholders: financial return o Employees: satisfaction, pay, supervision o Customers: high-quality goods/services, service, value o Creditors: creditworthiness, fiscal responsibility o Management: efficiency, effectiveness o Government: obedience to laws and regulations, fair competition o Union: worker pay, benefits Community: good corporate citizen, contribution to community affairs o Suppliers: satisfactory transactions, revenue from purchases The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design Historical Perspectives †¢ Efficiency is everything o Frederick Winslow Taylor developed scientific management, which claims decisions about organization and job design should be based on precise, scientific procedures †¢ How to get organized Administrative principles focuses on the total organization (looks at the organization as a whole) o For example, Henri Fayol proposed 14 principles of management, such as â€Å"each subordinate receives orders from only one superior† and â€Å"similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager† o These gave organizations fundamental new ideas for estabilishing high productivity and increasing prosperity o Administrative principles contributed to the development of bureaucratic organizations, which emphasized designing and managing organizations on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and uniform application of stand rules †¢ People o Hawthorn Studies are a series of experiments on worker productivity that began in 1924 o It attributed employees’ increased output to managers’ better treatment of them during the study †¢ Environment Many problems occur when all organizations are treated similar, which is the case with scientific management o Structures and systems that work in the retail division will not be appropriate for the manufacturing division o Consistency means t hat one thing depends on other things, and for organizations to be effective, there must be a â€Å"goodness of fit† between their structure and the conditions in their external environment o Some organizations experience a certain environment, use a routine technology, and desire efficiency, and in this case, bureaucratic controls would be appropriate o But today, almost all organizations operate in a highly uncertain environment Contemporary Organizational Design Today’s organizations and managers are shifting from a mindset based on mechanical systems to one based on natural and biological systems †¢ Chaos theory suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive systems – including organizations – are made up of numerous interconnections that create unintended effects and render the environment unpredictable †¢ Many organizations are shifting from strict vertical hierarchies to flexible, decentralized structures that emphasize horizontal colla boration, widespread info sharing, and adaptability †¢ Learning organization is an organization in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability Efficient Performance versus the Learning Organization †¢ From vertical to horizontal structure †¢ From routine tasks to empowered tasks †¢ From formal control systems to shared information †¢ From competitive to collaborative strategy †¢ From rigid to adaptive culture ———————– Transformation Process Environment Raw Materials People Information resources Financial resources Input Subsystems Boundary Spanning Production, Maintenance, Adaptation, Management Boundary Spanning Products and Services Output Top Management

Ib Math Ia

MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 MATHEMATICS Standard Level The portfolio – tasks For use in 2012 and 2013 Â © International Baccalaureate Organization 2010 7 pages For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 2 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 C O N T E N TS T y p e I t as k s Circles T y p e I I t as k s Fish Production Gold Medal Heights INTRODUC TI ON W h a t is t h e p u r p ose of t h is d oc u m e n t ? This document contains new tasks for the portfolio in mathematics SL. These tasks have been produced by the IB, for teachers to use in the examination sessions in 2012 and 2013.It should be noted that most tasks previously produced and published by the IB will no longer be valid for assessment after the November 2010 examination session. These include all the tasks in any teacher support material (TSM), and the tasks in the document tfolio tasks 2009 The tasks in the in the 2012 examinations but N O T in 2013. Copies of all TSM tasks published by the IB are available on the Online Curriculum Centre (OCC), under Internal Assessme not be used, even in slightly modified form. W h a t h a p p e n s i f t e a c h e r s u s e t h e s e o l d t a s k s?The inclusion of these old tasks in the portfolio will make the portfolio non -compliant, and such portfolios will therefore attract a 10-mark penalty. Teachers may continue to use the old tasks as practice tasks, but they should not be included in the portfolio for final assessment. W h a t o t h e r d oc u m e n t s s h o u l d I u se? All teachers should have copies of the mathematics SL subject guide (second edition, September 2006), including the teaching notes appendix, and the TSM (September 2005). Further information, ncluding additional notes on applying the criteria, is available on the Online Curriculum Centre (OCC). Important news items are also available on the OCC, as are the diploma programme coordinator notes, which contain updated information on a variety of issues. W h i c h t as k s c a n I u se i n 2012? The only tasks produced by the IB that may be submitted for assessment in 2012 are the ones contained in this document, and those in the document Portfolio tasks 2011 2012 . There is no requirement to use tasks produced by the IB, and there is no date restriction on tasks written by teachers.For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 3 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 C a n I u se t h ese t as k s b e f o r e M a y 2012? These tasks should only be submitted for final assessment from May 2012 to November 2013. Students should not include them in portfolios before May 2012. If they are included, they will be subject to a 10-mark penalty. Please note that these dates refer to examination sessions, not when the work is completed. W h i c h t as k s c a n I u se i n 2013? The only tasks produced by the IB that may be submitted for assessment in 2013 are the ones contained in this document. T e c h n ologyThere is a wide range of technological tools available to support mathematical work. These include gr aphic display calculators, Excel spreadsheets, Geogebra, Autograph, Geometer sketch pad and Wolframalpha. Many are free downloads from the Internet. Students (and teachers) should be encouraged to explore which ones best support the tasks that are assigned. Teachers are reminded that good technology use should enhance the development of the task. E x t r a c ts f r o m d i p lom a p r og r a m coo r d i n a to r n ot es Important information is included in the DPCN, available on the OCC.Teachers should ensure they are familiar with these, and in particular with the ones noted below. Please note that the reference to the 2009/2010 document is outdated. C op i es of t as k s a n d m a r k i n g/sol u t ion k e ys Teachers are advised to write their own tasks to fit in with their own teaching plans, to select from the 2009/2010 document, or to use tasks written by other teachers. In each case, teachers should work the task themselves to make sure it is suitable, and provide a copy of t he task, and an answer, solution or marking key for any task submitted.This will help the moderators confirm the levels awarded by the teacher. It is particularly important if teachers modify an IB published task to include a copy of the modified task. While this is permitted, teachers should think carefully about making any changes, as the tasks have been written with all the criteria in mind, to allow students to achieve the higher levels. N on -co m p l i a n t po r t f ol ios f r om M a y 2012 Please note the following information on how to deal with portfolios that do not contain one task of each type. This will be applied in the May 2012 and subsequent examination sessions.If two pieces of work are submitted, but they do not represent a Type I and a Type II task (for example, they are both Type I or both Type II tasks), mark both tasks, one against each Type. For example, if a candidate has submitted two Type I tasks, mark one using the Type I c riteria, and the other using th e Type II Criteria. Do not apply any further penalty This means that the current system of marking both tasks against the same criteria and then applying a penalty of 10 marks will no longer be used. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 4 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 SL T YPE IA im : In this t ask you wi l l conside r a se t of numbe rs tha t a r e pr esent ed in a symme t r i c a l pa t t e rn. Consider the five rows of numbers shown below. Describe how to find the numerator of the sixth row. Using technology, plot the relation between the row number, n, and the numerator in each row. Describe what you notice from your plot and write a general statement to represent this. Find the sixth and seventh rows. Describe any patterns you used. Let E n ( r ) be the ( r 1) th element in the nth row, starting with r 15 Example: E5 (2) . 9 0. Find the general statement for E n ( r ) .Test the validity of the general statement by finding additional rows. Discuss the scope and/or limitations of the general statement. Explain how you arrived at your general statement. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 5 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 C IR C L ES SL T YPE I A im : The a im of this t ask is to invest i ga t e posi t ions of points in i nt e rse c t ing c i r c l es. The following diagram shows a circle C 1 with centre O and radius r, and any point P. r P O C1 The circle C 2 has centre P and radius OP. Let A be one of the points of intersection of C 1 and C 2 . Circle C 3 has centre A, and radius r.The point P is the intersection of C 3 with (OP). This is shown in the diagram below. C3 A O P' P C2 C1 Let r 1 . Use an analytic approach to find OP , when OP 2 , OP 3 and OP 4 . Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Let OP 2 . Find OP , when r 2 , r 3 and r 4 . Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Comment whether or not this statement is consistent with your earlier statement. Use technology to investigate other v alues of r and OP. Find the general statement for OP . Test the validity of your general statement by using different values of OP and r.Discuss the scope and/or limitations of the general statement. Explain how you arrived at the general statement. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 6 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 F IS H PR O D U C T I O N SL T YPE II A im: This t ask conside rs comme r c i a l f ishing in a pa r t i cul a r count ry in two di ff e r ent envi ronments the se a and f ish f a rms (aqua cul tur e). The da t a is t a k en f rom the U N St a t ist i cs D ivisi on C ommon D a t a b a se . The following table gives the total mass of fish caught in the sea, in thousands of tonnes (1 tonne = 1000 kilograms). Y ea rT ot a l M ass 1980 426. 8 1981 470. 2 1982 503. 4 1983 557. 3 1984 564. 7 1985 575. 4 1986 579. 8 1987 624. 7 1988 669. 9 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1989 450. 5 1990 379. 0 1991 356. 9 1992 447. 5 1993 548. 8 1994 589. 8 1995 634. 0 1996 527. 8 1997 459. 1 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1998 487. 2 1999 573. 8 2000 503. 3 2001 527. 7 2002 566. 7 2003 507. 8 2004 550. 5 2005 426. 5 2006 533. 0 Define suitable variables and discuss any parameters/constraints. Using technology, plot the data points from the table on a graph. Comment on any apparent trends in your graph and suggest suitable models.Analytically develop a model that fits the data points. (You may find it useful to consider a combination of functions. ) On a new set of axes, draw your model function and the original data points. Comment on any differences. Revise your model if necessary. The table below gives the total mass of fish, in thousands of tonnes, from fish farms. Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1980 1. 4 1981 1. 5 1982 1. 7 1983 2. 0 1984 2. 2 1985 2. 7 1986 3. 1 1987 3. 3 1988 4. 1 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1989 4. 4 1990 5. 8 1991 7. 8 1992 9. 1 1993 12. 4 1994 16. 0 1995 21. 6 1996 33. 2 1997 5. 5 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1998 56. 7 1999 63. 0 2000 79. 0 2001 67. 2 2002 61. 2 2003 79. 9 2004 94. 7 20 05 119. 8 2006 129. 0 Plot the data points from this table on a graph, and discuss whether your analytical model for the original data fits the new data. Use technology to find a suitable model for the new data. On a new set of axes, draw both models. Discuss how trends in the first model could be explained by trends in the second model. By considering both models, discuss possible future trends in both types of fishing. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 7MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 G O L D M E D A L H E I G H TS SL T YPE II A i m : T he a i m of th i s t a sk i s to O lympi c G ames. high jump in the The table below gives the height (in centimeters) achieved by the gold medalists at various Olympic Games. 1932 Y ea r H e igh t (c m) 197 1936 203 1948 198 1952 204 1956 212 1960 216 1964 218 1968 224 1972 223 1976 225 1980 236 Note: The Olympic Games were not held in 1940 and 1944. Using technology, plot the data points on a graph. Define all variables used and state any parameters clearly. Discuss any possible constraints of the task.What type of function models the behaviour of the graph? Explain why you chose this function. Analytically create an equation to model the data in the above table. On a new set of axes, draw your model function and the original graph. Comment on any differences. Discuss the limitations of your model. Refine your model if necessary. Use technology to find another function that models the data. On a new set of axes, draw both your model functions. Comment on any differences. Had the Games been held in 1940 and 1944, estimate what the winning heights would have been and justify your answers.Use your model to predict the winning height in 1984 and in 2016. Comment on your answers. The following table gives the winning heights for all the other Olympic Games since 1896. 1896 1904 1908 1912 1920 1928 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 Y ea r H eigh t (c m) 190 180 191 193 193 194 235 238 234 239 235 236 236 How well does your model fit the additional data? Discuss the overall trend from 1896 to 2008, with specific references to significant fluctuations. What modifications, if any, need to be made to your model to fit the new data? For final assessment in 2012 and 2013